How Hunger Motivation Affects A Rat s Memory And Spatial...

Our purpose is to build a rat maze and find out how hunger motivation affects a rat’s memory and spatial reasoning. By learning more about what drives a rat’s actions we could in turn learn more about humans and what motivates them. Understanding why animals are motivated to complete a task can shed light onto reasons why animals behave the way they do and why animals chose to repeat a behavior. Background Information: For our experiment, we will be testing if motivation from hunger affects the memory and spatial reasoning of rats. We will be using two rats of the same breed and age. One will be fed, and the other will be unfed. After performing the experiment, we will compare the number of trials and time it took for each rat to get through the same maze. Since the early 20th century rats and other rodents have been used in experimental mazes to study spatial learning and memory in rats. They can also help uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to humans, and to determine whether different treatments or conditions affect learning and memory in rats. Rats are used in these mazes because they are particularly gifted at running them. It comes from their evolutionary history of digging and finding their way around underground tunnels. There are many types of rat mazes used in experiments, such as the T maze, the multiple T maze, the Y maze, the radial arm maze, and the Morris water maze. Over time, rats tend to run the maze with fewer errors and moreShow MoreRelated023 Understand Child and Young Person development6353 Words   |  26 Pagessome girls are starting to change (growing breasts) and some might start their periods. 12-16 years Gradual body changes in both girls and boys (girls physically mature quicker [around 15/ 16] than boys [around 17/18]. Fast body changes may affect spatial awareness which can become occasionally poor as a result. 16-19 years The maturing of the body is finishing with the full development of sexual organs; the body is taking a distinctive female or male shape. 023 Table 2:Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Analysis Of Maya Angelou s Alone - 979 Words

Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Alone† is an incredible narrative poem that readers can relate to. This poem is about realizing that no matter who you are, or where you come from, or how much money you have, you need other human beings to survive in this world. In life you need people who love you and help you through hardships. The poem is easy to read and understand because of the simplicity of the diction. Angelou uses the phrase, â€Å"That nobody, / But nobody / Can make it out here alone,† to get her point across. The fact that she uses the phrase to make a point allows the reader to look past the trite. The tone of the poem is yearning. Angelou brilliantly uses assonance, alliteration, figurative language, and AB, AB rhyme. The meaning of this poem is one of great importance. To begin with, the tone of this poem is yearning for human connections. Angelou is longing for human relations as well as telling the reader the importance of these relationships. In the first stanza Angelou states, â€Å"Lying, thinking / Last night / How to find my soul a home / Where water is not thirsty/ And bread loaf is not stone.† She is trying to find a purpose and something to fill her empty void. Then she comes to the realization, that the only way to fill the void is to make healthy human relationship. â€Å"I came up with one thing / And I don’t believe I’m wrong / That nobody, / But nobody / Can make it here alone,† she’s yearning for love or a friendship. She also exemplifies her yearning tone, â€Å"Storm clouds areShow MoreRelated Censorship in the Classroom Essay2774 Words   |  12 Pages Since then, I read that Maya Angelous novel I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings has been censored because the rape of eight-year-old Ritie by her mothers boyfriend, Mr. Freeman, is too pornographic. In Moulton, Alabama, the novel was banned in December, 1995, after the superintendent said, When it goes into describing sex organs and describing the pain and actual act of rape, I think its pornographic (Donelson, 1997). In chapter twelve, Angelou describes Mr. Freemans penis asRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novelRead MoreAnalysis of Black Reconstruction Essay2741 Words   |  11 PagesAnalysis of Black Reconstruction Prior to the Civil War and Reconstruction, the main goal of the African American population was to be granted freedom. African Americans had been enslaved since 1619 in America, when the first slaves were sold on the auction block. However, their concepts of freedom were extremely romanticized and highly unrealistic as a direct result of the atrocities they witnessed and endured in the institution of slavery. They visualized the abolition of slavery to

Applied Research

Question: Discuss about the Applied Research. Answer: Introduction: A retrospective survey of substance abuse in anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand from 2004 to 2013. The main aim of the article that dealt with the substance abuse among the anesthetists in New Zealand is to study the patterns, risk factors and incidence that are related to the substance abuse in New Zealand and Australia. The authors took the help of qualitative research design and interviewed 185 individual who belongs to the Australian and New Zealand College of anesthetists. They evaluated the change in substance abuse in the period of 2004 to 2013 (Bradford, Maude, 2014). Compulsory Section A person who is writing the research critique can also give recommendation on the areas that could have been improved by the author who has carried out the research project. The researcher clearly states the aims of the research is clearly stated in the project. However, the researchers have raised questions after reaching the conclusion rather than giving an answer to the problem in the conclusion. As the researchers have pointed towards lack of data regarding the substance abuse for the anesthetists, hence, it is not possible to reach any other conclusion and interpretation from the data (Morse, Kimball, 2012). Optional Section Research Design The quantitative research design is appropriate for the authors who carried out the survey for substance abuse in anesthetists. The questionnaires were sent to the participants through e-mail and the participants are given time to revert with the given time. However, the researchers did not mention any theory that they have taken into account while carrying out the research work. However, the period of study is for tem years; it might have been possible that the participants who gave their reply ten years back might not be available to give their feedback for the period of ten years. In this article, there is no hypothesis that has been taken into consideration by the researchers. Methodology The quantitative research design is appropriate for the reaching the aim of the research. The authors have clearly stated the number of participants and the number if responses to the e-mail that have been sent to the participants. Out of 185 participants, 106 have completed the research work. The researchers have shown the percentage of the participants who have reported cases of substance abide (Bhattacherjee, 2012). In addition to this, the recruitment of the participants have been clearly stated by the authors. Ethical consideration Before carrying out the research work, the authors took the approval for the projects from the Monash University Human Research and Ethics Committee and the New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committees, Auckland Health Board Research Review Committee. However, the authors have not mentioned any ethical consideration that the authors have taken into consideration to protect the privacy of the participants. It would have been better if the authors mentioned the steps that they have taken to assure the participants proper protection to the participants who are taking part in the research (Buchanan, 2012). Fetal response to maternal hunger and satiation - novel finding from a qualitative descriptive study of maternal perception of fetal movements The main aim of the article that deals with the fetal response to maternal hunger and satiation is to study the normal behavior of the fetus as described by the women who has gone through normal pregnancy (Fry, Fry, Castanelli, 2015). Once the normal fetal activity will be studied, the researcher can then identify the abnormal activity. The researcher will study the contribution of the meals taken by the mother on the activity of the fetus. The researcher has carried out the research with expectation that how the abnormal fetal activity can be improved. The researcher of the article has taken the help of qualitative research and has taken into consideration inductive approach where very little knowledge is available and the voice of the patient is most important in such cases. Compulsory Section A research critique can be termed as a professional analysis of a research paper that will help in identifying the strength and weakness of the research paper (Tracy, 2012). A research critique will look into all the aspects of a research paper starting from critically analyzing the aims and the objectives, the introduction, the research methodology, the data analysis until the conclusion. In the article, Fetal response to maternal hunger and satiation - novel finding from a qualitative descriptive study of maternal perception of fetal movements, the researcher did not take any hypothesis but followed the aim of the research by studying the normal behavior of the fetus will help them studying the abnormality. The researchers studied various patterns in the fetus once the mother is hungry or after getting the meal. However, the researcher should have got the feedback of the women who are suffering from abnormal pregnancy. Optional Section Research Design The research design that was taken into consideration by the authors while studying the fetal activity is apt for such kind of research work and helped the researchers in understanding the feedback of the women. The questions were mainly open-ended so that the women could be able to explain their position (Erickson, 2012). Women who have low risk in pregnancy are taken into consideration by the researcher. As such, the authors do not take the help of any theory to describe the research design that they have taken into consideration. The researcher expanded the question wherever possible. Methodology The researcher has said that at times, it is not possible to use the qualitative research in the purest form and the research method has to team up with the quantitative method. The researcher mixed some aspects of the quantitative approach and the combination of the approach has helped the researcher to reach the aim of the research. The sampling strategy was consistent with the saturation. Out of the twenty participants, 15 participants were interviewed in the early phase of pregnancy and 18 were interviewed in the latter part of their pregnancy. Thirteen women were present in both the times. Additional participants were recruited when there was unavailability of other participants. The researcher did not take into consideration any further participants when there was no new data and sense of saturation was achieved. Ethical Consideration As maintaining the ethics of a research work, is important hence the researcher took the approval for carrying out the research work from the New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committee (Central Region) (Miller et al,. 2012). In addition to this, the approvals from different community sites are taken into consideration. As the researcher recorded the interviews of the participants hence, written permission was taken from the participants. The researcher maintained proper privacy as it could be seen that the researcher has used pseudonyms in place of the real names of the participants. References Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: principles, methods, and practices. Bradford, B., Maude, R. (2014). Fetal response to maternal hunger and satiationnovel finding from a qualitative descriptive study of maternal perception of fetal movements.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,14(1), 288. Buchanan, E. (2012). Ethical decision-making and internet research. Erickson, F. (2012). Qualitative research methods for science education. InSecond international handbook of science education(pp. 1451-1469). Springer Netherlands. Fry, R. A., Fry, L. E., Castanelli, D. J. (2015). A retrospective survey of substance abuse in anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand from 2004 to 2013.Anaesthesia Intensive Care,43(1). Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Morse, P. M., Kimball, G. E. (2012).Methods of operations research. Courier Corporation. Tracy, S. J. (2012).Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact. John Wiley Sons.

Sophist`s Philosophers Essays - Philosophy, Ethics,

Sophist`s Philosophers 1.What beliefs did the Sophists challenge? They didn't believe that gods and goddesses influenced behavior or absolute moral and legal standards. But that "man is the measure of all things" and truth is different to each individual. 2.What was Socrates accused of doing? What did he say in defense? He was accused of "corrupting the young" and "not worshipping the gods worshipped by the state". He said " A man who is good for anything ought not to calculate the chance of living of dying: he ought only to consider whether...he is doing right or wrong." 3.What did Plato say about democracy? Why? He preferred the government of Sparta. He believed that each person should pay service to the community above personal goals. And that when people have too much freedom it causes social disorder. And also people should do what they're best suited to do. 4.What were Aristotle's views on political science? He did not theorize about idealized principals of science but instead he analyzed their political structures. He analyzed everything about them finding out the ups and downs and only then did he make a conclusion. 5.What is natural law? A universal moral law that , like physics, can be understood by applying reason. 6.What were Hobbes views on government? He believed that people should sign a contract that gives up their freedoms and live obediently under a ruler. They would be protected under a Monarch who would protect them by keeping their world peaceful and safe. 7.What were Locke's views on government? He believed that government was based on a contract and that it is necessary to establish order. He also believed that people in a state of nature are reasonable and moral, and that they have the natural rights to life, liberty and property. He also believed that people should have the right to break the contract if they feel that the government is treating them unfairly or that their rights are being violated. 8.What were Montesqueiu's views on government? He had a liking to English government and promoted the idea of separating governmental powers. He believed that power should be equally divided among the branches of government: the legislative branch, which made the laws; the executive branch, which enforced them; and the judicial branch, which interpreted the laws and judged to see if they were violated. He also believed strongly in the rights of individuals, and fought hard to enforce that.